United States Council for International Business

ICC Tackles the Application of Anti-Avoidance Rules in the Field of Taxation

ICC upholds that the use of anti-avoidance rules of taxation that establish barriers to cross-border business transactions is counterproductive and should be stopped
ICC upholds that the use of anti-avoidance rules of taxation that establish barriers to cross-border business transactions is counterproductive and should be stopped

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has recently adopted a policy statement, produced by the ICC Commission on Taxation, on the application of anti-avoidance rules in the field of taxation.

It is critical that tax authorities understand that in order for businesses to be competitive, they must seek out the most efficient ways of carrying out business transactions. This is especially crucial in the context of the increasing globalization of businesses and the world economy.

In recent observations, there is a growing trend for tax authorities to disregard transactions relating to tax assessment based on their interpretations of anti-avoidance rules, which are at times quite extensive.
ICC upholds that the use of anti-avoidance rules of taxation that establish barriers to cross-border business transactions is counterproductive and should be stopped.

“These anti-avoidance rules are destructive to countries themselves, when other countries impose them on a home country multinational in a way that diminishes the home country tax base and produces a bilateral controversy,” said ICC Commission on Taxation Vice-Chair Cym Lowell.

Read the policy statement on anti-avoidance
rules

Staff Contact: Carol Doran Klein

More on USCIB’s Taxation Committee

Case Study 2: Uncertainty in International Tax Policy

The Problem

Uncertainty in the application of international tax rules can act as a barrier to the expansion of cross-border trade and investment. When the OECD Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises were being revised, the chapter on tax contained vague language on “complying with the spirit of the law” that few people had focused on.  USCIB alerted its members to the risks associated with language that created an environment without transparency or certainty which would place companies at the mercy of government’s interpretation of what constituted a violation of the “spirit” without regard to the intention of their legislatures.

 

USCIB Speaks Out

At the OECD

USCIB, working with its tax committee, organized a campaign to raise the issue inside the OECD on the need to revise the language in the tax chapter.  They drafted new language to define the “spirit of the law” and advocated their position directly to the OECD as to why the language must be revised.

At the U.S. Department of State

USCIB brought the U.S. Department of State into the discussion and urged them to stand their ground based on the negative impact the original language could have on U.S. companies.  USCIB continued to coordinate with the OECD and the State Department to press for new language and ensure approval.

 

Outcome

As a direct result of USCIB’s efforts, the final language adopted stated that complying with the “spirit of the law” means discerning and following the intention of the legislature. And that the intention of the legislature is determined based on the statutory language and relevant, contemporaneous legislative history.  This prevents tax authorities from asserting that legitimate tax planning violates the “spirit of the law” and is viewed as a major victory for U.S. companies.

*(The Guidelines are recommendations addressed by governments to multinational enterprises operating in or from adhering countries. They provide voluntary principles and standards for responsible business conduct in areas such as employment and industrial relations, human rights, environment, information disclosure, combating bribery, consumer interests, science and technology, competition, and taxation)

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Cym Lowell appointed as Vice Chair of ICC Commission on Taxation

ICC has appointed Cym Lowell as the  vice-chair of the Taxation Commission
ICC has appointed Cym Lowell as the
vice-chair of the Taxation Commission

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has appointed Cym Lowell of Gardere Wynne Sewell LLP as the vice-chair of the Taxation Commission.

Mr. Lowell is an experienced international tax lawyer who has specialized in transfer pricing and related qualified authority matters for a career spanning almost 40 years.

His specialty has been the resolution of bilateral disputes that other advisors have not been able to achieve. Mr. Lowell has enjoyed a collegial practice, working with colleagues in every country who have transfer pricing examination or APA capability.

Mr. Lowell, who is originally from Dallas, Texas, draws on extensive experience from his career as a private lawyer. This provides him with distinct views on current and future dispute resolution, the pros and cons of tax authority approaches in principal countries, and styles of the small community of professionals who handle such matters.

He graduated from Indiana University with a Bachelors of Science and then continued his legal studies at Duke University. Mr. Lowell is a published author of many books and articles relating to transfer pricing issues, as well as to US international taxation issues.

He is currently an active member of many prestigious organizations, including the Business and Industry Advisory Council (BIAC) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In addition, Mr. Lowell has served as a consultant for many legislative bodies, counseled OECD member countries, and has lead workshops on the conduct of transfer pricing examinations for national tax authority officials.

In his role as vice-chair, Mr. Lowell is set to advance the committee’s work while also supporting the Commission Chair, Theo Keijer. The Commission’s work focuses on analyzing developments in international fiscal policy as well as on providing business views on government projects affecting taxation.

The Commission on Taxation is composed of international tax experts from areas of business and private practice and represents the world’s major companies and tax consultancy firms. Its mission is to promote a tax system that eliminates difficulties in cross border trade and investment activities.

The Commission announced at its meeting in March that it had elected Mr. Lowell, who will help the chair represent consensus viewpoints of the Commission. These viewpoints include those of governmental decision makers and the media. He will also be called upon to lead meetings of the Commission when the chair is unable to do so.

Staff Contact: Carol Doran Klein

More on USCIB’s Taxation Committee

ICC Welcomes Banking and Business Executives in Doha to Discuss Trade Finance and Investment Concerns

 ICC welcomes banking and business executives  in Doha to rethink the future of trade finance
ICC welcomes banking and business executives in Doha to rethink the future of trade finance

More than 400 banking and business executives from 50 countries met in Doha, Qatar to rethink the future of trade finance in a bid to encourage governments, regulatory bodies and G20 leaders to remove obstacles to trade finance and stimulate economic growth and job creation. Several U.S. executives took part, including USCIB Banking Committee Chair Michael Quinn, managing director of global trade services at J.P. Morgan Chase.

These bankers, business leaders and policymakers – gathered for the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Banking Commission bi-annual meeting, which ran from March 25-29 – met to take stock of current regulatory constraints jeopardizing the supply and demand of trade finance.

“It is crucial that, during this economic crisis, trade finance be freed up to promote economic growth, especially in the developing world,” said Sheikh Khalifa Al Thani, chairman of ICC Qatar and the Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry, which hosted the meeting. “This would stimulate a well-functioning and effective private sector, thereby improving the conditions for investment and trade.”

Economic crises have negatively impacted trade finance in many countries over the past five years and conditions are still difficult in many regions. As trade finance markets become less liquid, the entire supply chain is affected with a particular toll being taken on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries.

“SMEs could be the engine of economic growth if given better access to investment through new regulatory frameworks for trade finance,” said ICC Banking Commission Chair Kah Chye Tan.

While ICC recognizes that it is important to improve the resilience of the financial system, it is also urging governments to take measures that make trade finance more accessible and affordable, and to avoid drafting regulations that may penalize trade.

ICC also held a policy consultation with its Banking Commission members in order to tap into their expertise on key business issues – including trade, investment and finance – ahead of the G20 Summit being held in Los Cabos, Mexico on June 18-19. The consultation is part of the ICC G20 Advisory Group’s ongoing efforts to gather policy priorities from business leaders and CEOs worldwide.

“The consultations we’ve held in Europe, North America, Asia and here in the Middle East ensure that businesses large and small have an opportunity to contribute their views and help shape ICC’s policy recommendations for input into the G20 process,” said ICC Secretary General Jean-Guy Carrier.

Discussion at the event focused on trade and finance market constraints, including demand, risks, pricing, availability of trade finance, currency exposure and US liquidity issues. Financial regulation and reform, and the impacts of Basel III on industry were of critical concern to participants.

Click here to read more on ICC’s website.

Visit the ICC G20 Advisory Group for more information on ICC activities ahead of the G20 Summit in Los Cabos.

Staff Contact: Eva Hampl

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USCIB Shares its Trade Facilitation Priorities on US/Canada Beyond the Border Action Plan

The USCIB Customs and Trade Facilitation Committee recently laid out its priorities on the trade facilitation aspects of the United States – Canada Beyond the Border Action Plan, released by President Obama and Prime Minister Stephen Harper on December 7, 2011. Click here for USCIB’s statement.

Work had been underway on the Action Plan since the February 4, 2011 announcement by President Obama and Prime Minister Harper on the United States-Canada joint declaration, Beyond the Border: A Shared Vision for Perimeter Security and Economic Competitiveness. The Action Plan lays out a shared approach to border security and economic competitiveness in which the United States and Canada work together to address the safety and security of our shared border, while expediting lawful trade and travel. The trade facilitation provisions establish steps, which upon implementation, will reduce costs and regulatory burdens, significantly enhance the flow of goods across the border, and facilitate trade and travel.

USCIB has shared its trade facilitation priorities with leaders of both the U.S. and Canadian teams leading the implementation efforts, and USCIB President and CEO Peter Robinson, met with Canadian Minister of International Trade, Ed Fast to convey USCIB’s support for the Action Plan and to emphasize interest, in particular, in Canada raising its de minimis level. USCIB applauds the effort to establish a long-term partnership between the United States and Canada, built upon a perimeter approach to security and economic competitiveness, and will continue to meet with officials on both sides of the border to engage in the implementation of the Action Plan.

U.S.-Canada Beyond the Border Action Plan

USCIB Trade Facilitation Priorities

More on USCIB’s Customs and Trade Facilitation Committee

ICC Roundtable on Competition Policy Will Focus on Themes Competition Enforcement and Compliance

Panelists include senior officials from government agencies, competition experts from the private sector and high-level academics
Panelists include senior officials from government agencies, competition experts from the private sector and high-level academics

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), on the occasion of the 11th International Competition Network (ICN) Annual Conference, is hosting its fourth roundtable on competition policy in Rio de Janeiro on April 16, 2012. The central themes for this year’s roundtable conference are “Competition, Enforcement and Compliance.”

“The ICC roundtable is a unique opportunity to participate in a debate with officials of competition agencies from all over the world and business executives on topics that are shaping the current competition system and rules,” said Paul Lugard, acting chair of the ICC Commission on Competition.

“As in past years, I expect that this roundtable will provide a valuable forum for dialogue between the enforcement agencies and business representatives on important competition law issues,” added Michael Blechman, chair of USCIB’s Competition Committee and vice-chair of the ICC Commission on Competition.

Launched in 2009, this half-day high-level forum has previously looked at topics such as the cooperation between business and agencies in competition law enforcement and possible improvements to this system. Best practices in competition law, particularly from the angle of due process requirements, were discussed in 2010. Last year’s theme “Competition and Innovation” examined the interface between competition and innovation policy as a driver for economic growth and the impact of unilateral company conduct on consumer welfare.

This year’s focus on enforcement and compliance includes panels on South American enforcement priorities and business responses to those priorities, as well as company strategies to improve antitrust compliance. Participants are invited to take an interactive part in panel discussions.

This year’s roundtable panelists will include senior officials from government agencies around the world, competition experts from the private sector and high-level academics.

Click here to read more on ICC’s website.

ICC Competition Commission

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Business Trade Experts Work to Break Deadlock in Global Trade Talks

L-R: WTO Director General Pascal Lamy, ICC Honorary Chairman Victor K. Fung, USCIB Chairman (and ICC Vice Chair) Harold McGraw III, and ICC Chairman Gerard Worms.
L-R: WTO Director General Pascal Lamy, ICC Honorary
Chairman Victor K. Fung, USCIB Chairman (and ICC Vice Chair) Harold McGraw
III, and ICC Chairman Gerard Worms.

Business leaders and trade experts met in Geneva earlier this week for the first conference on the ICC Business World Trade Agenda, an initiative of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), part of USCIB’s global network. The initiative aims to ensure that business works together with governments to
drive more effective trade talks.

More than 70 business experts, including CEOs, senior corporate executives and representatives of business organizations, together with World Trade Organization (WTO) Director General Pascal Lamy, took part in the event. USCIB was represented by Chairman Harold McGraw III and Senior Vice President Rob Mulligan as well as a number of member executives.

Global business leaders involved in this initiative aimed to define multilateral trade negotiation priorities for business, and to help governments set a trade policy agenda for the 21st century that contributes to economic growth and job creation.

“It is crucial that governments work directly with the global business community to find answers to the current economic crisis,” said ICC Chairman Gerard Worms. “Opening trade and investment offers a stimulus to the global economy and would give business the clear sign that governments will not resort to protectionism.”

For the first time in 60 years, the multilateral trade negotiation process is at a standstill, and after 10 years, the Doha Development Agenda has reached a stalemate. Yet global trade remains a mainstay of the world economy and it is therefore crucial that global trade rules address the needs of the global marketplace.

“Business is especially troubled by the threat of increased protectionism from the world’s major economies. During this economic crisis, governments should be opening markets to stimulate their economies rather than putting up barriers to trade,” Victor K. Fung, chairman of the ICC Business World Trade Agenda initiative and honorary chairman of ICC said.

ICC launched in December 2011 the Business World Trade Agenda at the WTO Ministerial Conference in Geneva, answering the call from G20 leaders at the recent Summit in Cannes for new approaches to trade negotiations. ICC is bolstered by the support it has received from the WTO in engaging business to provide recommendations to advance global trade negotiations.

Read more on ICC’s website.

Staff Contact: Rob Mulligan

More on USCIB’s Trade & Investment Committee

USCIB Urges Passage of Permanent Normal Trade Relations With Russia

4271_image001New York, N.Y., March 14, 2012 The United States Council for International Business (USCIB), which represents America’s top global companies, is urging Congress to approve permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) with Russia, calling it essential for American business to fully benefit from new opportunities resulting from the country’s accession to the World Trade Organization.

“Russia has made, and continues to make, important progress in opening up its economy and building a more secure, predictable environment for business,” said USCIB President and CEO Peter M. Robinson. “As the world’s 11th-largest economy, with a burgeoning middle class and growing demand for U.S. goods and services, it’s far too important a market for us not to be fully engaged there.”

Under the terms of its WTO accession, Russia is obligated to implement a broad range of economic reforms that will further open its market to foreign goods and services, safeguard foreign investments, ensure greater respect for the rule of law and improve intellectual property protection. Business opportunities for U.S. firms in Russia are expected to grow in the coming years, with infrastructure and consumer spending predicted to increase significantly.

Passage of PNTR is required to graduate Russia from trade restrictions under the 1970s-era Jackson-Vanik amendment, a Cold War-era relic that has been deemed to violate WTO rules. Without the removal of Jackson-Vanik restrictions, Russia will not be obligated to extend the benefits of WTO accession to U.S. exporters, thereby putting them at a competitive disadvantage in the country.

Mr. Robinson cited Russia’s recent signature of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention as an important indication that the country intends to rein in corruption and provide a fairer, more predictable environment for foreign companies. “The country is also working toward joining the OECD as a whole, which would entail significant additional liberalization measures,” he added.

Through its membership in BIAC, the Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD, USCIB is working to advise the OECD and its member governments on appropriate terms for Russian entry into the organization, and is assessing the potential impact for U.S. business of Russian OECD membership.

About USCIB:

USCIB promotes open markets, competitiveness and innovation, sustainable development and corporate responsibility, supported by international engagement and prudent regulation. Its members include top U.S.-based global companies and professional services firms from every sector of our economy, with operations in every region of the world. With a unique global network encompassing leading international business organizations, USCIB provides business views to policy makers and regulatory authorities worldwide, and works to facilitate international trade and investment. More information is available at www.uscib.org.

Contact:

Jonathan Huneke, VP communications, USCIB

(212) 703-5043 or jhuneke@uscib.org

More on USCIB’s Trade and Investment Committee

Trade and Investment Committee Reviews Broad Array of Developments

At the March 1 meeting of USCIB’s Trade and Investment Committee discussed a wide range of issues. They met with Bruce Hirsch, trade counsel with the Senate Finance Committee, and heard about a recent trip by the committee’s chair, Sen. Max Baucus, to Russia and his support for moving forward on permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) with the country. Members also discussed customs reauthorization, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, China trade enforcement and developments in Argentina.

Members were also briefed on work in the International Chamber of Commerce to update the ICC Investment Guidelines, the OECD’s work on competitive neutrality for state-owned enterprises, ICC’s upcoming Geneva conference on the WTO, and preparations for business input to the G20 summit in Mexico.

USCIB members may contact Rob Mulligan (rmulligan@uscib.org) for more information and to obtain a written summary of the meeting.

Staff Contact: Rob Mulligan

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Business Pushes for Robust Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement

New York, N.Y., February 28, 2012 The United States Council for International Business (USCIB), which represents America’s leading global companies, has joined 30 other leading U.S. business associations in pressing for an ambitious and comprehensive Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, with robust enforcement and dispute settlement provisions. The business groups made their case in a letter to President Obama in which they urged the United States to push back strongly against Australian resistance to investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms like those found in other U.S. trade agreements.

The letter pointed out that investor-state provisions are already included in thousands of trade agreements and related instruments worldwide, including many to which Australia is a party. Such provisions, the business associations said, “promote the rule of law and serve as an important backstop to ensure that investors who risk their capital, property and talent in foreign countries will be able to enforce due process, non-discrimination, basic property and related protections in a neutral, balanced and objective forum.”

USCIB co-chairs the TPP Business Coalition’s investment committee, reflecting its role as a premier voice for liberalization of both trade and investment regimes around the world.

USCIB and the other letter signatories said Australia’s intransigence regarding investor-state provisions is thwarting the ability of the TPP negotiations to develop strong enforcement rules, and is “having a corrosive effect on the level of ambition and other key aspects of the TPP negotiations.” They expressed fear that, should Australia extract such a major exemption, “other countries would press forward to seek their own major exemptions from core commitments, which would ultimately unravel the ability to achieve a comprehensive, 21st-century TPP agreement.”

The letter noted that business concerns in this area are of practical, bottom-line importance. “As data from the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Economic Analysis has shown over the past several decades, the U.S. investment overseas that strong investment rules promote brings important benefits back to the United States,” the business groups wrote.

“Firms that invest overseas are more globally competitive, export more, invest more in research and development and capital investment in the United States and pay their workers more than purely domestic companies. Promoting and assuring a level playing field for both inbound and outbound investment is therefore vital for the United States and the other TPP negotiating partners.”

About USCIB:

USCIB promotes open markets, competitiveness and innovation, sustainable development and corporate responsibility, supported by international engagement and prudent regulation. Its members include top U.S.-based global companies and professional services firms from every sector of our economy, with operations in every region of the world. With a unique global network encompassing leading international business organizations, USCIB provides business views to policy makers and regulatory authorities worldwide, and works to facilitate international trade and investment. More information is available at www.uscib.org.

Contact:

Jonathan Huneke, VP communications, USCIB

(212) 703-5043 or jhuneke@uscib.org

More on USCIB’s Trade and Investment Committee

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