Greening the Agro-Food Chain: Better Policies Are Needed

4497_image002Last week in Paris, business executives and government policy makers held their first OECD workshop on how to make the agro-food chain greener and more sustainable for all.

The topic of green growth in the food and agriculture sector was at the core of discussions – organized by the OECD secretariat and BIAC, the Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD, part of USCIB’s global network – which were held under the banner of “Green Growth in the Agro-food Chain: What Role for the Private Sector?”

A number of USCIB members joined Helen Medina, USCIB’s senior director of product policy and innovation, at the workshop. Participants agreed that business is the leading driver of agricultural productivity and resource efficiency, but that sound policies are necessary pre-requisites in order to realize the full potential of greening the agro-food chain.

The growing challenges facing the sector were addressed, such as climate change, rising demand for food, shifting diets, soil degradation and competing demands for vital resources such as water. These challenges oblige the sector to do more with less – i.e., increase agricultural productivity to meet growing demand, but in a sustainable manner.

USCIB members highlighted several areas that OECD governments can work on to promote sustainability, including:

  • long-term, fact-based, risk-based, predictable and interpretable regulatory processes
  • good governance and well-functioning institutions (notably to protect intellectual property and land rights)
  • international and cross-discipline collaborations in the area of R&D and opportunities for international cooperation in basic research
  • closer cooperation between the public and private sector
  • fostering trade and investment liberalization to facilitate the development and diffusion of technology
  • increasing access to financial services in rural areas and for farmers in order to increase capital investment
  • an overall enabling policy framework that provides adequate incentives to create and adopt new technologies in all areas.

“We must collectively look at the problems to identify and answer the questions.” said Denise Knight, director of sustainable agriculture with The Coca-Cola Company, In remarks to the workshop. “Coke’s business strategy includes taking a holistic and integrated approach that recognizes the value of the services provided by intact ecosystems. We believe in working with partners across sectors, business, government, and civil society, to share our expertise and work on coordinated approaches to resolve problems. But, we also look to governments to reduce trade barriers and streamline the regulatory environments so that we can fully realize our strategy for sustainability.”

Other participating USCIB members included Croplife USA, McDonald’s and Monsanto.

Business representatives reminded governments of the importance of measuring performance in order to track progress. The OECD can play an essential role in greening the agro-food chain by generating data, sharing best practices and encouraging international and economy-wide policy cooperation and dialogue with the private sector.

Staff contact: Helen Medina

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UN Urged to Engage Private Sector on Sustainable Development Goals

Louise Kantrow, ICC’s permanent representative to the United Nations in New York
Louise Kantrow, ICC’s permanent representative to the United Nations in New York

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), part of USCIB’s global network, participated in the first session of the UN General Assembly’s Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which met March 14-15 at UN headquarters in New York to launch the intergovernmental process of developing a set of sustainable development goals.

ICC UN Permanent Representative Louise Kantrow addressed the UN General Assembly and delivered an intervention on behalf of business and industry, the scientific and technological community, and local authorities to emphasize the critical importance of engaging all stakeholders and major groups, particularly business, to ensure proper design and successful implementation.

Members of the Open Working Group were named after the adoption of a General Assembly resolution earlier in January which concluded extensive negotiations among member states to determine which countries should occupy the 30 seats.

Kantrow said that each goal should be well defined, underpinning all three dimensions of sustainable development. “Enabling conditions for sustainability will need to be front and center, building on a foundation of economic growth, improved quality of life, good governance, inclusion and strong institutions as key drivers of development,” she said.

Kantrow encouraged member states to build on recommendations that came out of the Rio+20 Conference in 2012 and to make the best use of the collaboration mechanisms, created through the Rio+20 process, through enhanced participation of major groups and other stakeholders in line with the multi-level and multi-stakeholder model.

USCIB, in partnership with ICC and other parts of its global network, will continue to provide business input to the SDG development process.

Staff contacts: Adam Greene and Norine Kennedy

UN Environment Program Begins Work Under New Mandate

John Matuszak of the State Department and USCIB’s Norine Kennedy in Nairobi during a briefing on the Green Economies Dialogue project
John Matuszak of the State Department and USCIB’s Norine Kennedy in Nairobi during a briefing on the Green Economies Dialogue project

The first “universal” meeting of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Governing Council wrapped up last week in Nairobi, Kenya, having agreed on future directions and priorities for the newly strengthened UN body in guiding international policy on issues like the green economy, sustainable consumption and production, and chemicals.

In an important development, Norine Kennedy, USCIB’s vice president for environment and energy, was elected to serve as one of three key UNEP stakeholder group representatives. Representing the business community (with other stakeholder representatives from the indigenous peoples and environmental law communities), Kennedy will advise UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner and other UNEP officials to support the strong involvement of business and other important non-governmental interests in the organization’s new governance structure.

Decisions taken in Nairobi are expected to have an impact far into the future as UNEP establishes itself as the preeminent platform for international environmental policy-making and action. UNEP was mandated by the last year’s Rio+20 summit and UN General Assembly session to lead UN work on environmental aspects of sustainability. The meeting was “universal” in the sense that all 193 UN members are now members of UNEP, which previously had a smaller number of governments involved directly in its decision-making.

In Nairobi, ministers and government representatives from 193 member states adopted numerous decisions regarding UNEP’s operations and work program. These included the transformation of the existing UNEP Governing Council into a UN  Environment Assembly, and the creation of stronger links between UNEP’s science-based Global Environment Outlook process and its ministerial meetings – further implementing the call by UN member states at Rio+20 to strengthen the science/policy interface.

According to Kennedy, USCIB places particular importance on UNEP’s efforts to strengthen its scientific base. “We hope to explore additional options for business cooperation with UNEP on expert, science and research matters relating to its work program, such as the recent first meeting of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and EcoSystems Services,” she said.

In the year ahead, UNEP will  take up work on human rights and the environment, environmental law and new procedures for non-governmental and business participation in its work. UNEP will also host and coordinate the Climate Technology Center and Network, which will implement the technology-transfer mechanism of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.

USCIB’s Environment Committee has provided its recommendations on business priorities in UNEP’s broad work program, particularly relating to protecting and safeguarding information that is commercially important, such as IPR, CBI and trade secrets, in the context of increasing access to information.

Green Economies Dialogue session

4453_image004In conjunction with the Governing Council, the USCIB’s Green Economies Dialogue initiative held its first African event on February 21 at UNEP headquarters. The side event, entitled “Green Economies in Global Markets: Opportunities for Developing Countries to Innovate and Benefit,” highlighted opportunities and challenges in greening economic development and growth in developing countries, with a special focus on Africa.

The session featured a presentation by Micael Da Costa of CleanStar Mozambique, an integrated food, energy and forest protection business, as an example of an innovative business approach to greening economic activity that fits well with African needs and aspirations. The CleanStar business model offers economic, environmental and social benefits, providing connections between small and large companies and offering tangible improvements in health and development in Africa.

Other speakers included John Matuszak of the U.S. State Department, Robert Dixon of the Global Environment Facility, Asad Naqvi of UNEP’s Green Economy initiative and Green Economies Dialogue Chair Brian Flannery. The side event was attended by representations of governments, academia, business and NGOs, and highlighted priority areas in greener development and enabling frameworks for investment and public private partnership. It provided perspectives on where UNEP can work with business to advance and accelerate priorities for greener growth most relevant to developing countries.

The Green Economies Dialogue project was founded in 2011 by the United States Council Foundation and a host of sponsors and partners. It seeks to provides business perspectives into the international policy debate on ways to promote greener economic, social and environmental progress. It has done so through previous dialogue meetings with national governments and other stakeholders, including the OECD, in Washington, Paris, Beijing, Tokyo, Brasilia and Rio de Janeiro. It has also commissioned  peer-reviewed papers by respected academic authors on green economy topics of interest to business, published last year in a special “Green Perspectives” volume of the journal Energy Economics.

For more information on the Green Economies Dialogue project, visit www.green-dialogue.org

Staff contact: Norine Kennedy

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Natural Gas Exports: Seeking Synergy Between Environment, Energy and Trade Policy

A tanker transporting liquefied natural gas
A tanker transporting liquefied natural gas

In the context of current discussions about the export of liquefied natural gas from the United States, we believe that fundamental principles of environmental, energy and trade policy that USCIB has supported over the years remain relevant.

USCIB has long championed expanded trade and investment, and the elimination of barriers to global commerce, including in the energy sector, under a rules-based system, and we support established WTO rules limiting export and import bans. Erecting new barriers to LNG exports would run counter to our past positions and efforts by the American business community to discourage restrictions by other countries.

Throughout our work to promote international cooperation on climate change and energy security, USCIB has advocated keeping all energy options on the table in the transition to a greener economy. In that connection, we have underscored the critical importance of open trade as a means to disseminate cleaner technologies and energy options, and have signaled the adverse environmental impacts of export bans.

Increased domestic supplies of natural gas are already providing a competitive edge for many U.S.-based manufacturers, with positive impacts on jobs both in the energy sector and in the economy as a whole. Many observers, including the International Energy Agency, predict that the United States will become a net energy exporter, which would have major economic and geopolitical ramifications. Additionally, there is potential for natural gas, with its much lower climate footprint, to surpass coal as the world’s number-two energy source.

We appreciate the concerns voiced about LNG exports, including the potential for increased U.S. energy costs, and these concerns should not be taken lightly. As U.S. companies operate in global markets, they need access to affordable and sustainable energy in order to remain competitive. With wise policy choices, the domestic energy revolution has the potential to bring major economic and environmental advantages to the U.S. business community, and to U.S. citizens.

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At UN Biodiversity Panel, Business Affirms Importance of Strengthening Science/Policy Links

4425_image002A group of business representatives from USCIB and the International Chamber of Commerce have joined the first session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity and Eco-System Services (IPBES), which is being held this week in Bonn, Germany.

Inspired by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this new UN body, involving over 100 countries and international governmental and non-governmental institutions, will bring together leading scientists with government representatives and other important societal interests to assess biodiversity and eco-system impacts and bring forward consensus scientific and economic reports. These findings are expected to provide a basis for decisions and priorities in major international environmental treaties, and to inform policy-making by national governments.

In a statement to the opening session on behalf of business groups attending the meeting, Norine Kennedy, USCIB’s vice president for environment and energy, said business “encourages IPBES to flag economic impacts, both positive and negative, relevant to biodiversity and eco-system services – for example, jobs, livelihoods, competitiveness.”

Kennedy said the potential contribution of the new forum would undoubtedly touch on critical investment and planning matters for companies across a range of sectors. She cited access to natural resources, valuation of cost-benefit analysis and the potential inclusion of business and industry research as important matters up for discussion by the panel.

The IPBES will include observers, such as non-governmental and business organizations, as partners in meetings and other aspects of the group’s work. Kennedy said business organizations will weigh next steps to ensure substantive and rigorous input that reflects industry expertise and realities. IPBES, which will now be headquartered in Bonn, will likely meet again at the end of 2013.

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Doha Meeting Points Way Toward a New International Climate Agreement

4414_image002The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change closed its 18th governing body meeting (known as COP18) last week in Doha, following two weeks of contentious negotiations. Decisions made in Doha set a course for the development of a longer-term and more inclusive climate agreement, to be concluded by 2015. Governments also endorsed two UN new bodies, on finance and technology, and defined the commitments, duration and carbon-market elements for a second phase of the Kyoto Protocol.

“Before and during COP18, we made the case for outcomes that would strengthen enabling frameworks for innovation and investment,” explained Norine Kennedy, USCIB’s vice president for environment and energy. “USCIB has advocated the need to engage business expertise in framing effective international policies and practices for greenhouse-gas reduction and responding to the impacts of climate change.” She said USCIB, having been involved in the UN climate-change negotiations since 1993, provided an economy-wide and multi-sectoral perspective on behalf of its members to promote energy security and deploy cleaner technologies.

Intellectual property a concern

According to Kennedy, USCIB members worked closely with key governmental representatives to ensure that outcomes in Doha did not call into question the importance of intellectual property rights protection, or open an unnecessary and distracting discussion of IP outside of the climate body’s competence and mandate. She said access to energy and technology would be critical in scaling up the necessary investments and deployments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and Doha outcomes can enable cooperation to mobilize private-sector contributions and know-how.

Kennedy pointed out that the outcomes of COP18, while limited in some respects, reflect the challenges inherent in this negotiation, due to its economic and competitiveness impacts. “While some observers consider the outcomes of COP18 underwhelming, we understand that this is a marathon which, while slow, is yielding results,” she said. “We are especially pleased to note the increasing acceptance of business involvement in new institutions that will be providing finance and technology to developing countries.”

In a November 28 letter to Todd Stern, the lead U.S. government climate negotiator, USCIB highlighted the importance of maintaining strong protection of intellectual property rights, regulatory clarity and practical, business-oriented solutions, including preparedness for short-term extreme weather events and planning for longer-term resilience in a changing climate. The letter also stressed the importance of the broader economic context, stating that “the global trade system should be seen as a vehicle for broader dissemination of technologies and other solutions to address climate challenges and advance greener growth.”

“Doha Dialogue”

USCIB took part in the Doha Dialogue at COP18, convened by the Major Economies Business Forum (BizMEF). This meeting laid out options for enhancing the substantive involvement of business in the UN climate process and its institutions. High level representatives from governments and inter-governmental bodies, and business people, agreed to continue and deepen the discussions at COP19, which will take place in Warsaw in November 2013.

BizMEF is a partnership of leading multi-sectoral business organizations from major economies and regions, including USCIB. Modeled after the government-to-government Major Economies Forum, BizMEF promotes dialogue on climate change and energy security across a broad spectrum of business interests including major developed, emerging, and developing economies.

In the coming weeks, USCIB will provide members with a fuller report of Doha outcomes and discuss its priorities for 2013 in international climate and energy policy.

 

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Business Makes the Case for Stronger Role in UN Climate Process

4410_image001Doha, Qatar, December 7, 2012 – As the 18th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) nears its conclusion, the Major Economies Business Forum (BizMEF) – a coalition of 20 cross-sectoral business groups from six continents, including USCIB – is in dialogue with governments to develop better ways to inform the international climate deliberations.

Business and many governments view the effort as timely in light of efforts now underway to create new institutions on finance, technology and adaptation, and to begin negotiation of a new, long-term agreement.

“It is clear that business offers a deep and broad resource of expertise and information,” according to Norine Kennedy, USCIB’s vice president of environment and energy. “This can strengthen the practicality and economic viability of a comprehensive post-2020 agreement, supported by trade, investment and innovation.”

Earlier this week, the “Doha Dialogue” brought together government and business delegates to highlight the important role of business and consider ways to enhance it. The effort builds on public-private dialogues organized by Mexico and South Africa, previous COP hosts. The Doha Dialogue was convened by BizMEF with the Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The Dialogue is part of a larger effort by BizMEF and other business groups to work together toward a recognized channel for business to contribute its expertise and practical experience to the climate change talks.

Abdullah bin Mubarak Bin Ebood al Maadadi, Qatar’s environment minister, opened the dialogue at the Doha Hilton before a standing room-only audience that included ministers and senior officials from Denmark, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Korea, Switzerland, the United States, the European Union and the United Nations, as well as business leaders from across the globe.

Government representatives were supportive of an enhanced business role in the UN talks. “The Doha Dialogue has provided a unique opportunity to enhance business engagement in the UNFCCC process, which is necessary for climate negotiations to be practical and pragmatic,” stated Ambassador Masafumi Ishii, director general for global issues with the Japanese ministry of foreign affairs.

BizMEF spokesperson Brian Flannery said participants agreed to build on the success in the Doha session at next year’s conference of the parties. “We were delighted that ministers, negotiators and others endorsed the value that business experience and advice can bring to the international process,” he said. “We welcome the encouragement from governments and others. We will continue the dialogues to develop more effective avenues for a full range of business participation.”

USCIB’s Kennedy added: “No single entity can speak for all of the business community. What’s needed is a dedicated channel where governments can get a broad range of business views. The Doha Dialogue showed we have valuable experience to share. Now we just need to set up an architecture to make it happen.”

“Business engagement to the UNFCCC process is key for a successful solution,” said Hiroyuki Tezuka, chair of the global environmental strategy working group at the Japanese business federation KEIDANREN. “The business sector has the experience, technologies and best practices to cope with the complex issues related to climate change.”

More information on BizMEF’s membership, role is available at www.bizmef.org.

About USCIB:
USCIB promotes open markets, competitiveness and innovation, sustainable development and corporate responsibility, supported by international engagement and regulatory coherence. Its members include U.S.-based global companies and professional services firms from every sector of our economy, with operations in every region of the world. With a unique global network encompassing leading international business organizations, USCIB provides business views to policy makers and regulatory authorities worldwide, and works to facilitate international trade and investment. More information is available at www.uscib.org.

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New Papers Examine Opportunities and Challenges of Green Growth in Global Markets

4409_image001New York, N.Y., November 30, 2012 – As the latest round of United Nations climate negotiations proceed in Doha, Qatar, newly released papers in the peer-reviewed journal Energy Economics aim to shed light on the viability of various strategies to promote green growth and green jobs.

National governments, global institutions and the business community face the challenge of finding greener paths for economic growth and commercial activity. Yet solid economic research, weighing the costs and benefits of various policy approaches around green growth and green jobs, especially in international markets, has been largely lacking.

The new series of papers, published as a special supplement to the latest issue of Energy Economics and available at www.green-dialogue.org, aims to correct this, shedding light on many aspects of the green-growth debate.  Commissioned by the educational arm of the United States Council for International Business (USCIB), the new research, from more than a dozen respected scholars, promises to inform business planning and the development of public policy around the green economy worldwide.

“As business leaders, we saw a real need for solid, empirically based analysis on the most effective green-growth policies,” said USCIB President and CEO Peter M. Robinson. “Mobilizing the private sector with the right mix of policies and incentives will be critical. For this to happen, we need sound economic research that reflects business realities as a basis for moving forward. We are delighted that so many respected authorities stepped forward to lend their expertise to this effort.

Appearing as a special supplement to Energy Economics under the heading “Green Perspectives,” the papers were commissioned as part of USCIB’s International Business Green Economies Dialogue project (www.green-dialogue.org). They provide views and perspectives on a wide range of green economy topics of importance to companies operating in global markets and to society as a whole.

Richard Schmalensee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Richard N. Cooper of Harvard University and Charles Schultze of the Brookings Institution are among the noted experts who contributed to the special series. The ten papers in the “Green Perspectives” supplement address the following topics:

  • green growth
  • green jobs
  • green finance
  • green economic development
  • green energy options
  • green consumer information
  • green supply chain management.

“Individually and as a collection, these papers bring forward  a major foundational academic contribution to the field,” according to Brian P. Flannery, Ph.D., chair of the Green Economies Dialogue project.  “They can help to inform business decision-making and policy development as efforts continue to develop a greener, more prosperous world.”

The Green Economies Dialogue project is an initiative of the United States Council Foundation, USCIB’s educational and research arm, with support from an array of companies and private-sector organizations.  More information and links to the “Green Perspectives” papers are  available at www.green-dialogue.org. Learn more about the United States Council Foundation at www.uscouncilfoundation.org.

Publication of the “Green Perspectives” papers completes the second major phase of the Green Economies Dialogue project, which was launched in 2011 to foster discussion  and develop broad consensus around appropriate green-growth policies, including at the UN’s Rio+20 summit held earlier this year.  In the project’s first phase, dialogue sessions involving business leaders, government officials, leading academics and other stakeholders were held in Washington, Paris, Tokyo, Beijing and Brasilia.

About USCIB:

USCIB promotes open markets, competitiveness and innovation, sustainable development and corporate responsibility, supported by international engagement and regulatory coherence.  Its members include U.S.-based global companies and professional services firms from every sector of our economy, with operations in every region of the world.  With a unique global network encompassing the International Chamber of Commerce, the International Organization of Employers and the Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD, USCIB provides business views to policy makers and regulatory authorities worldwide, and works to facilitate international trade and investment. More at www.uscib.org.

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Business Calls on UN Climate Talks to Open a New, More Pragmatic Approach

greenIn the wake of the U.S. presidential elections – as well as Hurricane Sandy – possibilities for meaningful progress in the upcoming UN climate negotiations may be gaining momentum. The business community is hopeful that this momentum will lead governments, whose negotiators will meet for two weeks in Doha, Qatar at the end of this month, to focus on pragmatic, cost-effective and inclusive action, with the active engagement of the private sector.

The talks will take place at the 18th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, or COP18 for short.  According to USCIB Vice President Norine Kennedy, who will join a sizeable business delegation to the talks, COP18 offers an opportunity to learn from the sub-optimal 1997 Kyoto Protocol, whose commitments technically expire at the end of this year. The shape and scope of a successor agreement to Kyoto has dominated discussion in the UN for more than a decade.

USCIB and our private-sector allies will encourage governments in Qatar to lay the foundation for a comprehensive and long-term post-2020 agreement that draws on business expertise and investment to address climate change risks and advance energy security and sustainable development.

“While lingering economic challenges are still all too evident, they should not be regarded as an insurmountable obstacle,” said Kennedy. “Instead, they are a powerful motivation to act with prudence, and identify priorities for cost-effective actions that best marshal limited resources.  Mobilizing private-sector investment is paramount, and including the business community in substantive discussions in Doha and thereafter will smooth and speed progress.”

USCIB’s Norine Kennedy at last year’s COP17 climate meeting in Durban, South Africa
USCIB’s Norine Kennedy at last year’s COP17 climate meeting in Durban, South Africa

Kennedy said the next steps in the UN climate process should be as “global” as possible, rather than the two-tier approach based on lists of developed and developing countries  attempted via Kyoto, which is widely seen as no longer reflecting current development and economic realities. Comprehensive and economy-wide approaches will avoid competitiveness distortions that have bedeviled some climate-change market mechanisms, such as the impact of EU emissions trading on the aviation industry.

On the middle Sunday of COP18 (December 2), USCIB and its partners in the Major Economies Business Forum (BizMEF), which encompasses leading industry groups from the largest (and hence highest-emitting) economies, will organize a public-private sector roundtable. The event aims to showcase the importance of business engagement in the UN talks as they move forward, and to promote win/win solutions as negotiators seek to map out ambitious steps to reduce greenhouse gases and prepare for shifts in climate.

“Global markets and the multilateral trading system are important vehicles for the deployment of investment and new technologies by the private sector,” Kennedy observes. “These systems function best with a variety of essential enabling frameworks, including the rule of law, the honoring of contracts, impartial judicial systems, stable fiscal and policy regimes, protection of intellectual property, and of course a fundamental commitment to free and open markets.”

Kennedy said business would draw a clear “line in the sand” on the issue of IP rights, which are indispensable for technology research, development and commercial adoption. Negotiators at COP18 should avoid any weakening of IP protection, she said. Business in Doha will argue that innovation and global deployment of cost-effective and efficient low-emission technologies are essential to effectively address climate change, to maintain competitiveness, and to provide necessary incentives for investment, growth and employment.

“As those of us in the Northeast United States continue to struggle with the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, we are reminded of the importance of adaptation and preparedness,” Kennedy said. “These are not matters for developing countries alone. Energy infrastructure, transportation and economic impacts are critical considerations in richer countries too. Agreements at Doha and beyond should work to pave the way for practical actions that reduce the risk and enhance capacity and resilience, both in anticipation of  sudden extreme weather events and in advance of  more gradual changes impacting agriculture, energy access and water security. “

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New Research Papers Advance Discussion of the Green Economy

4403_image002USCIB and the United States Council Foundation are delighted to announce publication of the Green Perspectives papers as a special supplement of the peer-reviewed journal Energy Economics. The special supplement is available by clicking here.

The Green Economies Dialogue initiative worked with the editors of Energy Economics to invite respected authors to contribute their views and perspectives on a wide range of green economy topics of importance to companies operating in global markets and to society as a whole:

  • green growth
  • green jobs
  • green finance
  • green economic development
  • green energy options
  • green consumer information and
  • green supply chain management.

Individually and as a collection, these papers provide a major foundational academic contribution to the field, and they can help to inform business and other policy and decision-makers as efforts continue to develop a greener, more prosperous world.

USCIB and the United States Council Foundation were proud to play a prominent role in the Green Economies Dialogue project (see www.green-dialogue.org)  We thank the sponsors, national governments, authors and others who participated in and contributed to GED. Special recognition is due BIAC, the Business and Industry Advisory Committee OECD, for its leadership and engagement.

Publication of Green Perspectives completes the second major task of the GED that began early in 2011 as a process to create dialogue among governments, academics, think tanks, international organizations and business during the lead-up to the UN Rio+20 summit held earlier this year.  Its overall goals were to enhance understanding of green economy issues and, through dialogue, to promote more effective policies and actions to restore economic growth and promote a greener economy.

The Green Economies Dialogue initiative now enters a planned stocktaking phase to consider what was learned from the dialogues and papers, and to assess future directions and ways forward, especially in the international process.

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